AMUSEMENTS  -  There is no lack of enjoyment suggested by this head. The Spa Concert Room supplies a fine string band and a capable vocalist throughout the season, and various open–air and indoor entertainments. For some years the Town Hall Theatre has provided successions of dramatic and operatic attractions such as few, places can equal and none excel. This theatre originated with a private syndicate, one of whom still continues the work. An enterprising club known as the Harrogate Cricket Club adds its quota to amusements of the town, in the direction of sport, one of the most important being the great annual August Bank Holiday North of England cyclists' meet and races, which have for many years been counted amongst the chief events of the season. A successful flower show and horticultural society provides interesting exhibitions, whilst the hotels and hydropathic establishments enliven their guests and local society with frequent balls, impromptu concerts, entertainments, &c.

ANGLING  -  Harrogate has no river within its borders, the nearest available stream being two miles away; yet the town has a fishing club, and is the centre of a prolific district, which includes no less than five distinct rivers, exclusive of many tributaries, where fish are abundant in quantity and variety. These are the Ure, at Boroughbridge, Tanfield, and Ripon; the Wharfe, at Collingham Bridge, Wetherby, Arthington, and Pool ; the Swale at Brafferton ; Nidd, at Ripley, Bilton Banks, and Pateley Bridge; and Skell, at Ripon. These waters are conveniently and cheaply reached by railway train, for the North Eastern Railway Company deal liberally with fishermen if they are members of any angling club or for the time being join the local organisation, in which case return tickets are issued at a fare–and–a–quarter. Salmon, trout, grayling of the game fish, roach, dace, chub, pike, eels, perch, barbel, and the never to be forgotten or forgiven Tommy Ruff – in fact nearly every kind of fresh water fish may be found in their respective seasons. The usual shilling ticket affording permission to fish locally for trout, grayling, and char may be obtained at Mr. Tom Cartman, Prospect Hill, Harrogate, whilst permission to fish several streams in the majority of cases is kindly granted by the various owners or their agents on written application. Wensleydale is an inviting valley, and affords ample opportunities to the angler. The river from Hawes is in the hands of the Hawes and Askrigg Angling Associations, and private parties, down to Middleham, where it again rests with an association. The river thence and for some distance below Masham, is rigorously preserved by Mr. S. Cunliffe Lister, of Swinton Park, Masham, who permits none but personal friends to fish therein. Tanfield affords the next open water, and then private people again intervene between this point and Ripon. Here the Ripon Angling Association are in power but day tickets at one–and–sixpence for five miles of the stream are issued, and the varieties of fish include trout, grayling, chub, dace, eels, barbel, pike, gudgeon and bream. From Hewick Bridge to Boroughbridge Lady Mary Vyner, through her steward, gives permission to fish one or two good streams. Several angling clubs exist on the Nidd, but fishing is plentiful in all our local streams. We shall always be pleased to afford information or give the names of competent, communicative rod–men who are ever ready to put the visitor in the proper channel for sport, either with the fly, in wading the rapids, swimming the maggot or worm, or the less exciting, but still pleasurable hot days' bottom fishing. There is good fishing in the reservoirs at Fewston, but permission must be obtained from the Leeds Corporation.

BANDS  -  In the early morning (Sundays excepted) whilst the water drinkers are imbibing their sulphur and Kissengen, a military band, employed by the Corporation, plays standard selections, interspersed with lighter compositions, from seven–thirty till nine a.m. This early–morning band is the outcome of a movement inaugurated in 1888 by public subscription and continued for two years, when the Corporation, having thus realised the advantages of such a provision, were induced to continue what was known as the Town's Band. It speaks well for the enterprising spirit and liberality of the many residents who in two years placed at the disposal of the Committee about one thousand pounds with which to maintain a Town's Band. Large bodies sometimes move slowly, but with this committee and the subscribers to the fund generally rests the credit and distinction of having given practical demonstration of the advantages of a Town's Band, and enabled the Corporation to do that which it otherwise might not have accomplished. The Spa orchestra, has remained for several years under the intelligent conductorship of Mr. A. E. Bartle, and plays daily, Sundays excepted, in the grounds of the Spa, and in the Concert Room during the evening. The Rifle Volunteers have a brass band, whilst for ball purposes there is one permanent string organisation (Mr. Ratcliff's), and there are also several musicians who provide instrumentalists for these occasions. There are generally itinerant bands of a certain, or rather uncertain order, in the course of the season, but they are not encouraged by being allowed to play in the principal thoroughfares.

BANKS  -  The Bradford Old Bank occupies handsomely finished premises in the centre of its own building, an imposing erection of some architectural grace, which stands at the junction of James and Princes Street.

The Knaresborough and Claro Bank has its head office at Harrogate, in Cambridge Crescent, at the top of Parliament Street, in a good position, commanding an open frontage. The face of the building is attractive, and its interior arrangements and furnishings are extremely handsome.

The York City and County Bank has a branch in James Street, in a portion of a building at one time occupied by the Post Office. This Bank singularly enough has purchased the premises so long occupied by the Post Office, in Prospect Crescent.

BATH CHAIRS  -  For a health resort comfortable bath chairs are indispensable, and steady reliable men in charge thereof more so. Even then if the footpaths and roads of the town are rough and uneven the invalid fails to enjoy open air relief by these agencies. Fortunately Harrogate is well supplied with the most modern of hand vehicles and the chairmen as a rule are worthy and reliable men. The footpaths are in excellent order and in extent total no less than twenty–two miles of asphalted and flagged ways, in addition to seven miles of smooth gravel walks, all of which, owing to the dryness of the atmosphere and the lightness of the soil are soon comfortable after a heavy rain. The bath chair stand is in a central position on the Stray side, at the end of James Street, arid near the Prospect Hotel. The chairs and drivers are licensed and under the attention of the Inspector of hackney carriages. The authorised fare is one–and–threepence the first hour and fourpence for each succeeding quarter of an hour.

BATH HOSPITAL  -  The original institution was founded in 1824 for the relief of afflicted poor, non–resident in Harrogate. The Harewood family were its patrons at the commencement of the movement, and each successive head of the noble house has continued the interest shown by his predecessors. Of recent years the poor of Harrogate have been permitted to share in the benefits of the hospital to a limited extent, but in the main the charity is a national one, supported by subscriptions from the busy centres of the north, whence the majority of cases arise. From the annual report it will be found that the proportion of Harrogate patients was sixteen as against nine hundred and five from other towns. Some years .ago efforts were made to procure a new building. The late Miss Rawson gave £9,000 to build a Convalescent Home, and many generous people of wealth contributed towards a new Bath Hospital. The magnificent architectural pile on the high ground, leading towards Harlow Moor (the site of the original building) is the result. 

The higher building, which stands as a separate structure save for its connecting link with the hospital proper, is the Rawson Convalescent Home named after its generous donor. The Bath Hospital comprises the extensive range of masonry in the foreground, and .completes one of the finest institutions ever devoted to the cause of charity. The total cost of the home and hospital was between £37,000 and £38,000, and whilst the former provides fifty beds, twenty–five males and twenty–five females, the latter accommodates forty men and thirty–five women. It is a matter for regret that such an institution should actually be in want of funds, but when its claims come to be better known we have little fear that any debt will rest upon the building, or that its managing committee will want the requisite funds for its administration. We commend the Bath Hospital to the consideration of those who desire to bestow aid upon a really deserving object. Even a slight investigation of the work of the institutions cannot fail to elicit the sympathies of all generous and kindly disposed people.

BATHS  -  The Sulphur water baths of Harrogate are largely employed in cases of rheumatism, gout, and skin affections. The cures accomplished have had an important bearing on the fame of Harrogate, and few visitors neglect to avail themselves of the advantages of sulphur water baths. These ablutions are by no means confined to those whose ailments render the outward application of medicinal waters necessary; they are regarded by visitors and residents alike, well or ill, as a luxury, highly agreeable to the skin. Persons who are ailing, however, should consult a medical practitioner before experimenting in this direction. There are two bathing establishments in the town, the Montpellier and Victoria Baths, both owned by the Corporation, and three outside the Borough–one at Harlow Car, off Otley Road, upwards of a mile away, the others at Starbeck, about one–and–a–half miles from Harrogate, on the line to Knaresborough, York, and Pilmoor. There is a good swimming bath here also, which is open from Easter till the end of September. Harrogate has no provision of the kind, two having been discarded some years since by the local authority, who have made better use of the space. 

Turkish Baths available to the public may be found in the Montpellier Gardens, at the Harrogate Hydropathic establishment, and the Cairn Hydro', whilst many kinds of baths (exclusive of the sulphur) are obtained at the following establishments : the Harrogate Hydropathic, the Cairn, the Connaught, the Imperial, and the Spa Hydropathics. The Montpellier and Victoria, however, afford every variety of bath, including the sulphur. It may be interesting to state that upwards of 30 miles of pipes are used to convey the medicinal drinking and bathing waters. For the former ebonite pipes are necessary, for the latter brass and lead. The taps alone number two thousand.

BETTY LUTON  -  One of the celebrities of Harrogate's earlier days was known as old Betty Lupton. She was the daughter of Henry and Margaret Barber, and for 56 years served out the Old Sulphur water at the side of the spring, upon round oak table with socket, stick, and horn. Betty was a great favourite amongst the visitors, by whom she was known as the "Queen of the Well".

Some of our older residents remember her, and relate many interesting tales and incidents of her reign. Betty was baptised at Pannal Church in 1753, and died at the age of 81 or 82. If baptised as an infant we find from calculation that the old lady died about 1844 or '45. With the fact before us that she served the water for 56 years, we may reasonably conclude she began her career at the well in 1788 or '89. The silhouette portrait of Betty Lupton and most of the above data has been supplied by Mrs. C. Scholes, of Eldon House, Promenade Square (a great–granddaughter of Betty), who has in her possession the old buffet, round oak table, gown, serving horn, etc., used by the famous old lady.

BILTON SPRING  -  An old sulphur spring exists at Bilton Hall, near Knaresborough, bearing date 1778. The people of Knaresborough have had the water conveyed to their town, where a fountain was erected in the jubilee year of the Queen for its dispensation.

BIRK CRAG  -  Leaving the Old Sulphur Well, if we mount the hill and traverse Cornwall Road, passing the new Bath Hospital, and the waterworks reservoir on our left, we approach an iron gate with "public footpath " thereon, by which we enter a field bounded on the left by a sanded walk. We proceed along this path until we come to a lane, or may follow the road to the right, without entering the gate, till we come to a walk skirting the edge of a declivity which runs parallel with a deep vale. The first route brings its to a lane leading towards Harlow Car in the one direction and Birk Crag in the opposite. This Crag is a hold, almost perpendicular precipice, 150 feet high, from which huge jagged boulders break the rich monotony of mountain growth in all its wild entanglement. The eminence is full of dignity and grandeur, and in marked contrast to the sweet fern and bracken vale below, where a rich mossy stream follows its course in shaded seclusion. On the Crag we have extensive views of a bright country ; in the valley a picture of wild solitude in cool refreshing grot. One of our illustrations gives a faithful idea of the stream and entangled growth o'ershadowing it. To find the alternative path, after leaving the waterworks cottage we follow the road to the brow of the hill on the right, take the path along the cliff, or, descending to the bridge, penetrate the valley as far as the Crag, then following the lane return byway of Harlow Road to the town. To inspect the old Roman pack horse bridge, instead of entering upon the footpath along the high ground towards the Crag, turn to the right and take the course leading towards the quarry. We publish an illustration of the bridge above.

BOATING  -  The nearest boating is on the Nidd at Knaresborough, three miles distant. The river is picturesque, safe, and plenty of good light boats are to be hired. There is not a great length of river available for rowing. The Wharfe, at Boston Spa is snore extensive and the current is somewhat strong, yet a pleasant half–day may be enjoyed on the water and in rambling along the pretty banks. To reach Boston Spa we take the Church Fenton train, and alighting at Thorparch station, walk through this village to Boston Spa, which place, like Knaresborough, is regarded as a popular rendezvous for pic–nics. Boroughbridge, on the Pilmoor branch, offers excellent boating, the Ure being quite an important river. The pleasures of a journey to York may be enhanced by a row on another charming river : the Ouse.

BOGS FIELD  -  The Bogs Valley Gardens and the path on the high ground to the left over the fields, afford the approaches to the Bogs Field from the Old Sulphur Well in Low Harrogate. The short lane out of Cornwall Road past the new Bath Hospital, a footpath from Cold Bath Road, and still another from Harlow Moor all lead us to the remarkable spot whence arises much of Harrogate's wealth–its curative waters. This field has the appearance of rough marshy land which might be taken for waste ground were it not for clean sandy walks, a pump room, covered seat, and numerous stone slabs suggestive of some kind of conservation. The field would long since have been beautified had it not been that the Local Authority and the Medical Society in Harrogate have a discreet fear of tampering with so precious a trust. In this enclosure of six or seven acres no less than 34 medicinal springs rise, and though in close proximity retain their distinct characteristics. If we mix the sulphur and iron waters we have a black liquid and a fatal poison. Visitors should therefore take care not to experiment with more than one kind of mineral water at a time. Nature provides impenetrable walls in her geological strata and dispenses her healthgiving waters in unerring purity and with precision. We marvel at the denseness of these springs of diverse character rising side by side, and well we may, for no one is able to say whence they come.

CHESS CLUB  -  There is a small, successful and highly successful Chess Club, in Harrogate, formed in 1884, which has found comfortable quarters at the Prospect Hotel. The session usually extends from October to April. The organisation holds a good position in Yorkshire Chess, and regularly plays matches with such clubs as Bradford, York, Ilkley, Ripon, &c., and the majority of victories rest with the Harrogate Club. There are a number of very skilful players who have reputations in the chess world. Visitors are cordially welcomed throughout the season, and what is more, private games may often be arranged by addressing "The Secretary, Harrogate Chess Club."

CHURCHES AND CHAPELS  -  Harrogate is well supplied in this respect. There are four Churches, six minor edifices and mission rooms connected therewith, a Roman Catholic Church, and eight Nonconformist, the Wesleyans having two structures:

Christ Church High Harrogate - Built in 1834, enlarged in 1861–2 and 1886. Sittings free with few exceptions; seats 1,200. Services :– Sunday, 11 a.m., 3.15 p.m., and 7 p.m. ; Wednesday, 7–30 p.m. ; Saints' Days, 12 noon. Holy Communion: 1st Sunday in the Month, after Morning Service ; 2nd Sunday, at 8 a.m., and after Evening Service; 3rd Sunday, after Morning Service ; 4th Sunday, at 4–15 (after service for the Young) ; 5th Sunday, after Evening Service. During the months ,July, August, and September, every Sunday at 8 a.m.

St. Andrew's Church, Starbeck - Sunday, 10–30 a.m., and 6–30 p.m. A Service for Young on the 4th Sunday in the month at 3 p.m. Holy Communion, 2nd Sunday in the month after Morning Service ; 4th Sunday, after Evening Service.

Mission Room, Smithy Hill - Sunday, 10–45 a.m., and 7 p.m. ; Thursday, 7–30 p.m. Holy Communion, 2nd and 4th Sundays in the month after Evening Service.

The Hymnal Companion and the Cathedral Psalter are used at these three places of worship.

St. Mary's, Low Harrogate - Erected in 1825, open roofed 1874, and enlarged 1886 ; accommodates 800. Services :– Sundays, Morning, 11 a.m. ; Evening, 7 p.m. Special Service for the young on the 2nd Sunday in the month, at 3 p.m. Holy Communion, 1st Sunday in the month, after Morning Service ; 2nd Sunday, after Service for the young ; 3rd Sunday, after Evening Service; 4th Sunday, at 8 a.m. Wednesday, short Service and Sermon at 7 p.m. ; Thursday, Bible Reading at the Vicarage, from 3 to 4 o'clock in the winter, and 4 to 5 o'clock in the summer ; Friday, during the summer, short Service with Address, at Noon, in St. Mary's Church, and Holy Communion, lasts about 30 or 35 minutes ; during the winter, Litany at 12 (Noon). Churching, after an), of the Services.

All Saints', Harlow - Service on each Sunday at it a.m. during the Summer, and at 3–15 p.m. during the remainder of the year. Holy Communion, last Sunday in the month, at 3–15 pm.

Mission Room Service - Oatland's Mount, Service on each Sunday at 6–30 p.m. Holy Communion, 1st Sunday in the month at 6–30 pm.

The Hymnal Companion and the Cathedral Psalter are used at these places of worship.

St. John's, Bilton - Built by the late William Sheepshanks, Esq., in 1885. Sundays, 11 a.m. and 6–30 p.m. (7 p.m. in Summer). Holy Communion, 1st and 3rd Sundays in the month, at mid–day; 2nd, 4th, and 5th, at 8 a.m. Church Hymns.

St. Peter's Church, Central Harrogate - Sundays : Holy Communion, First Celebration at 8 a.m. Matins (choral) Ante–Communion, Sermon, and Second Celebration at 11 a.m. Litany at 3 p.m. Evensong (choral) and Sermon, 7 p.m. Week–days, Matins daily at 8 a.m. Litany on Wednesday and Friday, at 12 noon. Saints' Days, Holy Communion at 8 a.m. and 11 a.m. Hymns A. and M.

St. Peter's Mission Room, Tower Street - Services : Thursday, 7–30 p.m., Evensong. Sunday, Choral Evensong, 6–30 p.m. Hymns A. and M.

Congregational Church - Sundays, 11 a.m. and 6–30 p.m., Wednesday evenings, at 7–3o. Leeds Hymn Book with appendix.

Wesley Chapel - Chapel Street. Sundays, 10–30 a.m., and 6.30 p.m. Monday, Tuesday, and Saturday evenings at 7–30 o'clock. Wesleyan Hymn Book.

Trinity Chapel - West End Park. (Wesleyan.) Sundays, 11 a.m. and 6–30 p.m. Thursdays at 7–30 p.m. Wesleyan Hymn Book.

Methodist Free Church - Victoria Park. Sundays, 10–30 a.m., and 6–30 p.m. Mondays, 7 p.m. Thursdays, 7–30, (October to March) at 7 o'clock. Methodist Free Church Hymn Book is used.

Primitive Methodist Chapel - Cheltenham Parade. Sundays, 10–30 a.m., and 6–30 p.m. Wednesday evenings, at 7–30. Adult Class, Sundays, 2–15. Primitive Methodist Hymnal used.

Baptist Church - Victoria Avenue. Sundays, 11 a.m., and 6–30 p.m. Thursday evenings at 7–30. Every seat is free and unappropriated, and supplied with Bibles, Psalter, and Hymnal.

St. Paul's Presbyterian - Sundays, 11 a.m. and 6–30 p.m., Thursdays, at 7 p.m. Hymn Book, Church Praise.

St. Robert's Catholic Church - Sunday, 8 and 11 am. and 6–3o p.m. Thursday, at 8 p.m.

Pannal Church - The services are–Sunday, 10–30 a.m. and 6–30 p.m. Holy Communion 1st Sunday in the month after Morning service, and on the 3rd Sunday, after Evening service, also on the great festivals of the Church. A special service every 4th Sunday, in the Afternoon, at 2–30. Hymns, Hymnal Companion. All seats free and unappropriated.

Beckwithshaw - St. Michael and All Angels' Church, two and a half miles from the centre of Harrogate, on the Otley Road. Services on Sunday morning, at 10-30 ; evening, at 6–30. Holy Communion 1st Sunday in month after matins, the 3rd Sunday at g a.m., and all festivals. Service for the young last Sunday afternoon in month, at 3 o'clock. The Cathedral Psalter and Church Hymns are used. All seats free and unappropriated.

CHURCH INSTITUTE  -  In 1886 a Church Institute for Harrogate was formed, and had rooms in Raglan Street. The growth of the society was such as to warrant the erection of a special structure. Accordingly in June, 1888 the work of building was commenced and in 1889, a commodious and conveniently arranged structure completed and opened, in St. Peter's Place. The interior arrangement include a lecture room on the first floor, 40 feet by 26 feet 6 inch, and during the winter a series of lectures by eminent scientists and other public men is given. There is an excellent and growing library attached to the institution. Visitors may become temporary members.

CLIMATE  -  The climate of Harrogate is dry and bracing, and almost as efficacious in its restorative influence as the medicinal waters. Fogs seldom appear, and when experienced are of a slight nature. Having no manufactories, for in most instances engines are debarred by wise conditions of land sales, smoke, save from domestic chimneys, is rarely seen and never becomes offensive. The purity of air in Harrogate is due to the elevated position the town occupies (a mean altitude of about 400 feet), the breezes of the moors, and the oceanic wafts laden with ozone. High Harrogate is even more bracing than the sheltered and lower portion known as Low Harrogate ; thus invalids have a distinct advantage in a choice of situation and climate.

We have previously remarked upon the brightness of Harrogate, and to this influence the healthfulness of the town is partly attributable. We all know that sunshine means life to human kind. Harrogate has more than its share of sunlight, as the following table for the winter months of 1890-1 will show. In the matter of dryness Harrogate is equally favoured. Even if it were not so the town would be happily circumstanced, because owing to the sandy nature of the soil moisture is quickly absorbed. In addition to this, however, Harrogate can claim, when compared with other inland watering–places in this country, the lowest number of rainy days in the year, and to these combined causes is no doubt largely due the exceptional and notable dryness of the atmosphere in Harrogate – a feature to which the attention of health seekers cannot be too often or too empatically directed.

Sunshire Records:-  

                    Leeds Museum 137'     Woodhouse 330'     Adel 475'     Burmantofts 200'     Harrogate 430'

October 1890           75.0                     98.7                 113.2                100.5                114.5

November 1890         30.1                     41.0                 51.3                  34.5                  52.45

December 1890          1.7                      4.1                    8.2                   3.2                   9.2

January 1891           18.45                     36.25               45.2                  24.2                  47.55

February 1891          22.0                      34.35                63.15                35.1                  73.15

March 1891              91.2                     102.0                102.3                 106.5                118.25

The Rainfall of the past few years is as follows :– 

                  Year        Total Depth        Number of Rainy Days

                  1884            29.11                    191

                  1885            30.73                    217

                  1886            32.90                    200

                  1887            21.59                    160

                  1888            29.76                    185

                  1889            23.08                    173

                  1890            26.59                    205

CONSERVATIVE CLUB  -  This club has quite a large building of its own at the corner of Cambridge Street and Beulah Place. It was erected in 1881, at a cost of £6,000. The premises include two billiard rooms, smoke room, reading room, card rooms, &c. Another portion of the erection is occupied as a coffee house, and there is also a large hall, principally utilised as an auction room and dancing hall for small parties.

COACHING  -  Low Harrogate in the Season presents a lively arena from 10 to 11 in the morning, for then an imposing parade of coaches, waggonettes, and the various public and private vehicles preparatory to setting forth on their excursions make the morning brisk with their prancing steeds, trumpet calls, and old–time bustle. One might readily imagine himself in the days when the inn was the station and the coach the railway train. No health and pleasure resort is more handsomely equipped with vehicles of all kinds, and then modern landaus which take the place of ordinary cabs are the admiration and comfort of all visitors. The most popular excursions to places of interest in the neighbourhood are invariably made in coaches, waggonettes, or hackney carriages, the two former in cases of large parties and those who prefer to join in the public waggonettes; the latter where privacy and independence of movement are indispensable.

COTTAGE HOSPITAL  -  Harrogate is proud of its Cottage Hospital. From a small beginning in 1870, originating with a few local people of kindly heart, the institution has worked itself to useful prominence, and has earned the gratitude of a wide district. Formerly the Leeds Infirmary was the nearest resource in case of serious accident, but now the Harrogate Cottage Hospital renders aid to patients from miles around and daily emphasises its value to the unfortunate. The original building, in Avenue Road, is now the Masonic Hall, and the new Hospital, which occupies a better site close at hand, is admirably arranged and appointed. The cost of the building was £5,000, and it was erected in 1882–3.

CRICKET  -  An influential Cricket Club flourishes in Harrogate, and contributes much to the amusement of visitors. The ground is situate on the right of Leeds Road, beyond George Street. During the season matches are arranged with most of the leading clubs of the county. whilst visits are paid to the town by the majority of the touring clubs. The Australians have already appeared thrice o a this ground, as well as the lady cricketers and most of the leading exponents of the game. Visitors are made temporary members, and an "A" team of the club is always ready to play matches with visitors' elevens, or clubs visiting Harrogate ; or to include visitors in the "A" matches arranged for the mid–week. But the great entertaining feature however, is undoubtedly the north of England cycle meet, camp. and sports, which are held principally on bank holiday, in August but extend from the Thursday to the Wednesday. The grass cycle track is an excellent one and is preserved in perfect order. There are a number of minor clubs in the town which frequently show good form, and altogether cricket in Harrogate is followed with much zest and enjoyment.

CYCLING  -  Harrogate is favourably situated as a centre for the Cyclists. If proof were required we need but acid that it is the place selected for the Great North of England Cycle Meet and Races, the latter of which are held in the Cricket Field, off Leeds Road, annually in August, where a splendid track is maintained in excellent order, Harrogate is constantly visited, in suitable weather, by Cyclists from all parts of the Country ; it is a favoured place for day and half–day runs; whilst to visitors and residents it commands easy access to some of the most picturesque rides to be found in any county. There is a large club in the town, and the Secretary or Members are always pleased to afford information or to extend an invitation when an excursion is contemplated. We subjoin a number of the most interesting "spins" available to the Cyclist. There are many others, however, which space prevents us from enumerating.

Boston Spa, by way of Harewood, and back by Wetherby. Steep bank at Harewood. Day run.

Birstwith, by way of Skipton Road, and return by Ripley. Short but pleasant run.

Beckwithshaw and Stainburn Moor to Otley, and round by Pool. About 22 miles.

Fewston, by Beckwithshaw, Brandreth Cragg, and return by Hopper Lane and Skipton Road. This route is hilly. 18 miles.

Harewood Bridge and back by way of Pool. Distance about 18 miles.

Harewood and Collingham Bridge to Wetherby, return by Spofforth. Distance about 20 miles.

Ilkley, and on to Bolton Woods, returning by Pool.

Knaresbro', and through Copgrove Park to Ripon, and thence to Harrogate. Sandy Bank steep hill near Copgrove. About 24 miles.

Knaresbro', Scotton, Ripley to Harrogate. About 11 miles.

Knaresbro' and Boroughbridge to Ripon, and back by Ripley. 20 miles.

Pateley Bridge and back, by Ripley and Summer Bridge. Steep hill at Scarah. Distance 28 miles.

Ripon and back, by Ripley and Wormald Green Distance 22 miles.

Spacey Houses and Knaresbro', return by Starbeck Short run.

DIVISIONS OF HARROGATE  -  Formerly Harrogate was divided into district localities, known as High and Low Harrogate, but building enterprise having monopolised the distinguishing space, the divisions of Harrogate are now known as Central, High, and Low Harrogate. High Harrogate comprises the East Ward, Central the Central Ward, and Low Harrogate the West Ward. The portion to the east of the railway has become the East Ward, that extending from the west of the railway to and including the east side of Parliament Street, Ripon, and Leeds Roads is the Central Ward, whilst the West includes the western quarter of the town with the west side of Ripon Road, Parliament Street, and Leeds Road for its boundary line. Until recently, when the parish boundaries were more wisely adjusted, an important part of Harrogate was in the parish of Knaresborough. Even now the sections of Low Harrogate west of the water–course which flows from near St. Mary's Church down the valley through the Spa Gardens, likewise the whole of West End Park, are, for poor law purposes, in the parish of Pannal, and take the name from little more than a mere hamlet. The remaining portion of the town is in the parish of Bilton–with–Harrogate. The ecclesiastical parishes are Christ Church, High Harrogate ; St. Mary's, Low Harrogate ; St. Peter's, Central Harrogate ; and St. John's, Bilton.

FREEMASONRY  -  The Harrogate and Claro Lodge, No. 1001 of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons of England was consecrated on the 15th of April, 1864, and held the first meetings at the Brunswick, now the Prince of Wales Hotel. The lodge subsequently removed to the Clarendon Hotel, thence to rooms in Parliament Street, and finally found a permanent home by purchasing the old Cottage Hospital Building in Avenue Road. A Royal Arch Chapter was consecrated in 1888 and holds its meetings here.

HARLOW CAR BATHS  -  Though these sulphur springs are of the weakest to be found in Harrogate, yet their waters are not only efficacious in many in stances of disease, but supply one of the most agreeable baths for even the robust in health. Waggonette throughout the season is in waiting every morning to convey bathers to Harlow Car, which is lust at the foot of Harlow Hill and a little beyond the Church, in the heart of a picturesque vale.

HARLOW CAR SPRINGS  -  A romantic glen called Harlow Car encloses three very mild sulphur springs and one chalybeate, discovered in 1840 by a Mr. Henry Wright. These waters are more sought after for bathing than drinking, and under "Baths" we have made reference to them.

HARLOW MOOR  -  The high moorland beyond the Bogs Field in the vicinity of the square tower which stands a prominent object in the immediate neighbourhood, was leased from the Earl of Harewood by the Corporation as a healthful resort for the visitors. It is a rough moor where firs, gorse, and heather abound in profusion, forming a capital protection for the ground game and feathered tribe. The Corporation have made broad smooth paths, equally comfortable for the invalid in the bath chair as for the pedestrian, and erected plain but fairly comfortable benches here and there from which a lovely and extensive view of the surrounding country may be obtained. This moor is a very popular resort not only with the water drinkers, but visitors and town's people. It forms a nice continuation of the promenade begun in the Bogs Valley Gardens, and is more bracing than the lower lying portions of the town. One may often imagine himself inhaling the refreshing breezes of the sea shore, for the health–giving currents are here perfectly free and uninterrupted save by the pine trees which often emit a beneficial and pleasant odour. In traversing the path on the right through the small but dense plantation one gets a pretty but vague glimpse of water. This is the Irongate Bridge Road Reservoir of the Harrogate Waterworks Company, supplying a portion of the town. On the thickly wooded ground forming the summit of the hill are some nurseries, through which a private road extends to Harlow Road, and the visitors may have access. Before mounting the hill there is a public roadway to the left leading past the Harlow Reservoir to the Harrogate and Otley Road.

HARLOW TOWER -  Few, visitors seem aware of the pleasure attending a visit to this tower, which, since 1829, has remained one of the most conspicuous landmarks in the district. It was originally built by a private gentleman. The tower, which cost £700, was intended as an observatory. The land was leased from the Earl of Harewood for twenty–one years, but as .the speculation did not turn out as its promoter anticipated, the observatory fell to the Harewood family, by whom it is let at £15 a year. The height of the structure is 90 feet, and it stands on ground 600 feet above the sea level. The panoramic view from the summit is extensive and varied, and though the smoky atmosphere of the manufacturing towns at some portions of the day. place an impenetrable veil over their locality, there is still plenty to be seen. Four o'clock on a summer's morning, when the world is practically asleep, and the chimneys have not awakened to their work–a–day smoke, views in all directions are something to be remembered. By the aid of telescopes, the eye seems to annihilate distance, for we are assured that the tip of Helvellyn in the Cumbrian Ranges has been faintly traced, and this is ninety miles away. The view through the telescope discloses Knaresbro' ; then S.E. the vale and Cathedral of York; N., the vale of Mowbray, hills and wolds of Hambleton, Newby Hall and Church, Ripon Cathedral, How Hill, Studley Church, Brimham Rocks, and Whernside ; S., the Peaks of Derbyshire, windmills of the Trent, and Lincoln Cathedral ; Hull is visible on clear days, and between York and Hull fifty spires may be counted ; W., Otley, Chevin, and Ilkley; SW., Bradford and Pudsey, the time of day being visible on the clock of Pudsey Church when the light at sunset is favourable. To obtain a bird's eye view of Harrogate is worth the 6d. admission fee.

HARROGATE AS A RESIDENTIAL TOWN  -  The residential population has rapidly increased for many years, and the movement continues now with even more spirit. The building trade, enterprising and progressive as it is, barely keeps pace with the demands of those new comers who recognise in Harrogate a healthy progressive town, possessing not only natural but intellectual, social, and recreative advantages such as few places can offer, and in many cases advantages none can exceed. The "Season" here affords a round of cheerful fashionable life, particularly agreeable to young people and rejuvenating to the old. Every taste may be gratified in all those branches of art which promote cultivated life, and the winter months offer almost as much attraction as the " Season." The air, cleanliness, scholastic advantages, and refining influences afforded to children, in addition to the desirable conditions already mentioned, have not failed to make Harrogate one of the most favoured towns for permanent residence.

HARROGATE AS A SCHOLASTIC CENTRE  -  The climatic advantages of Harrogate are appreciated by those who have to provide for the education of the young. Harrogate is, therefore, well supplied with scholastic establishments of various grades ; in fact no town has ampler facilities in this respect. Visitors who derive benefit from their stay in Harrogate are naturally impressed with the healthy conditions by which the town is favoured. The schools in Harrogate never lack pupils, and many a parent remembers' this town with thankfulness as he contemplates the sturdy physique of his once delicate child. The schools are invariably private; in fact not a single board school exists in the place. The various sects vie with one another in providing educational advantages, and to this healthy spit it of rivalry is doubtless due the general efficiency which prevails. Epidemics are almost entirely unknown in Harrogate, so that parents may with confidence trust their children to the recuperative influences of such a favoured resort.

HARROGATE AS A WINTER RESORT OR RESIDENCE  -  A change has of recent years come over the place, which is strengthening its attractiveness as a Winter residence. The various organisations and institutions, such as the Dramatic and Operatic Society, the Musical, Literary, Mutual Improvement, and other entertaining societies, the several assemblies, and ball committees are adding life to the Winter season. Visitors are beginning to realise that the waters and treatment are equally efficacious in Winter as in Summer, and Winter residence in Harrogate is becoming is becoming popular. There is little wonder at this, for our Winters when cold are dry and invigorating, therefore healthy; prolific of instructive diversion and enlivening sport, consequently entertaining. Harrogate is a famous hunting centre, for in the district no less than three celebrated packs are available, and ample facilities exist for skating, curling, tobogganing, and other Winter sports and pastimes, all of which we have treated elsewhere under their respective heads.

HUNTING  -  Three celebrated packs of foxhounds hunt the district about Harrogate ; the Bramham, York and Ainsty, and Bedale, so that Harrogate is much frequented by wealthy sportsmen who can appreciate a prolific country and convenient centre. The meets at points near Harrogate are always brilliant gatherings, familiar even to royalty.

HOTEL LIFE  -  The hotels, hydros, and boarding houses of Harrogate present a wide diversity of social life, and although excellent accommodation is the invariable rule, each Establishment has social and general characteristics, influenced mainly by the dominant temperament of the guests.

Old Harrogate visitors have their "own houses," as they term their favourite hotels, and do not neglect to recommend them to their friends. We might readily give the prevailing characteristics of the various hotels, hydro's, and boarding houses, but for obvious reasons decline to do so. A visitor who is in doubt, however, may often judge a house by the personality or disposition of its oldest visitors. If he have a friend or acquaintance who knows Harrogate well, ask him his favourite house, and if the man's tastes and temperament are congenial to the enquirer, rest assured the establishment he recommends will, in most instances, satisfy him. As a man is known by the company he keeps, so is a hotel by its guests. There is always abundance of social pleasure in Harrogate because of the general superiority of its visitors.

The dinner hour is not the least interesting item of the day, even to those who regard dining merely as a duty. The visitor having had a journey on one of the daily driving excursions returns to his hotel with an appetite of unusually formidable proportions, whilst those who have spent an idle day in the town without exertion have still benefited by the ail and waters of Harrogate, and encounter their food with new relish. The town is equally famed for its liberally varied table as in its climatic and other conditions. The hotels fix their dinner hours somewhat late to enable their guests conveniently to avail themselves of the amusements provided at the Theatre, Concert. Rooms, &c. The Theatre hour of commencement is, on this account, arranged for eight o'clock.

LIBERAL CLUB  -  This club was formed in 1880, and occupied three rooms in the People's Hotel, Albert Street. The increase of membership, however, was such that a very few years (three we believe) revealed the necessity of better accommodation, and the existing premises comprising the second and third floors of Dawson's building in Raglan Street, were obtained upon lease. The reading–room is spacious, cheerful, and well supplied with papers and periodicals. The billiard room is conveniently arranged, and even more capacious, containing two modern tables in excellent condition. There is also a lofty yet cosy smoke room with conveniences for games; a lavatory, and other accommodation on the same floor. The upper rooms are occupied by the caretaker. There is no dining accommodation, though simple refreshments, non–intoxicating beverages, and cigars are supplied when required. Arrangements are made for the admission of visitors, and the club is open daily (Sundays excepted) from 8 a.m. to 11 p.m.

HYDROPATHICS  -  Much that we have said under the head of Hotel life applies to the hydropathic establishments of Harrogate.

The first institution of this kind was called the "Harrogate Hydro," and acquired the popular old house known as the Swan Hotel. Early visitors to the Swan, however, would hardly recognise their former home, for many important additions have been made, not only in the structure itself but in new wings and other adjuncts. It accommodates something like one hundred and eighty guests, is lighted with electricity, and has all the modern luxuries and comforts of well–appointed hotels. The Turkish baths are spacious and well furnished, available alike to the general public and the guests of the house.

There are also a number of smaller establishments in the town, where visitors will find their requirements carefully studied. The " Imperial," in Royal Parade, "The Spa," in Cornwall Road, "The Connaught ," in Cold Bath Road, and "The Cairn," Ripon Road. The last named is the newest addition to the list, and already shows signs of business energy. The hydros, as well as hotels, are popular with the mercantile people who seek a few days rest at the end of the week in Harrogate, from Saturday to Monday or Tuesday. Every year there is a large and growing influx of this element.

LAWN TENNIS  -  This pastime is popular in Harrogate, and there are, therefore, ample facilities for enjoying it. Two clubs exist, the principal being The Dragon, which has its own ground between the Granby and County Hotels in High Harrogate. In the season there are often important matches played here, and every opportunity is afforded visitors to become temporary members. The second club has its ground in Mr Goodrick's fields, off Leeds Road. The various hotels also have their courts, and there are public ones at tile Spa Gardens.

LITERARY SOCIETY  -  The Harrogate Literary Society is now quite an ancient institution, having been formed in 1874, at which time the sessions were held in the Congregational School Room, under the presidency of Rev. F. F. Thomas, a former pastor of that church, with Mr. J. H. Wilson as the first secretary. Subsequent growth and prosperity necessitated removal to a room in the Montpellier Gardens, thence to the People's Hotel, Town Hall, and back to the Saloon, People's Hotel, where the meetings are now held, and extend from October to March. The syllabus usually includes lectures by eminent men.

MARKET HALL  -  Harrogate has neither a corn nor produce market. There is a market hall however, which abuts upon Station Square, and has entrances likewise in Cambridge Street and Market Place It was erected by the Improvement Commissioners, then the local authority, in 1874, and has proved an excellent investment to the town. Like all other fashionable watering places, Harrogate is inundated with carts from the country bearing all the freshest produce the farm, field, orchard, and vinery can produce. The clock in the tower was presented by the Baroness Burdett Coutts, who has derived great benefit from the Harrogate waters. The market is open from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m., Saturdays, 11 p.m.

MEDICINAL WATERS  -  There are something like eighty curative springs in Harrogate, thirty–four of which are in the Bogs Field. The most important are the Old Sulphur and the Alexandra Iron water in the Royal Pump Room, Low Harrogate, and the Kissengen in the Montpellier Gardens. In the latter place we have both strong and mild sulphur waters of excellent quality, and innumerable wells conducive to the requirements of various patients. The waters of Harrogate do not permit any superficial use, therefore it is important that those who would make the most of their stay should have the advantage of experienced advice, we therefore recommend our readers to take the shortest road to health by consulting a medical man. No two patients may be treated alike, and the waters are of such power that they command an appreciative respect amongst intelligent Harrogate visitors of experience. It is not likely that a visitor who has casually heard the sulphur is good for the liver and the iron for the blood may safely diagnose his own case and save his doctor's fee. The matter is too serious to be trifled with, and the capital one launches in a visit to Harrogate may be worse than wasted by an injudicious course of self–treatment, even at the advice of the oldest inhabitant, who has, however, no medical knowledge. Better by far return home and wait for the chemical action of a few rusty nails in a bucket or the discriminate searchings of a spoonful of flour of sulphur than subject his organisation to the shock of careless use of Harrogate waters. We have been often asked by visitors cynically inclined if there is anything in our medicinal waters. We give the answer here : if one is sceptical of their powers try them, and the boy at school who sneers at the glass stool on which he receives his first electric shock is a mild sufferer to the man who submits himself to self–treatment with Harrogate waters.

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF THE WATERS  -  Amongst the eighty or more medicinal springs in Harrogate there is a wide range of curative waters. They may be divided into two groups, the sulphur and the iron. In each there are many gradations, so that the myriad wants of diverse constitutions are readily supplied. The sulphur group embraces the strong and mild sulphur, the magnesia, and Starbeck springs ; the iron group the Kissengen, chloride of iron, Alexandra chalybeate, carbonate of iron, pure chalybeate, the Tewit, John's, and alum. The Kissengen, although of the iron group, partakes in effect the properties of the sulphur and the iron. In a general guide it is somewhat difficult to present the characteristics of the Harrogate waters in a simple, popular light. Briefly the sulphur waters are either laxative, aperient, purgative, diuretic, or alterative, according to the quantity, time when taken, and temperature. They are of great benefit in most forms of indigestion, liver and kidney complaints, skin diseases, gout, rheumatism, and other derangements. The saline chalybeates are tonic rather than alterative, and are particularly valuable in certain cases of indigestion. The chalybeate springs have a wonderful effect upon the blood, the chloride of iron being most potent. Debility – from whatever cause – and scrofulous constitutions derive permanent benefit from these waters. Where debility exists and lowering treatment is to be avoided the pure chalybeates are valuable. They are of great utility as mild tonics for children. The following diseases are benefited by the Harrogate waters : Skin diseases in every form, whether arising from local or constitutional causes ; disorders of the liver, stomach, and kidneys ; gout, rheumatism, rheumatic gout, lumbago, and sciatica ; nervous exhaustion and general debility from worry and overwork ; scrofula and glandular affections ; poverty of blood ; chronic bronchitis and certain forms of consumption ; diseases induced by tropical climates and malaria.

MONTPELLIER BATHS  -  The Old Montpellier Baths were originally erected by Mr Thackrey, the then owner of the Montpellier Gardens and Crown Hotel estate, and were laid out in the year 1835. The Baths are supplied from a succession of valuable springs, nine of which are in the garden and three on the Crown Hotel Estate. The property passed from the hands of this family to the late Mr. Tom Collins, formerly M.P. for Knaresbro,' from whom the late Alderman George Dawson acquired the estate. From Mr. Dawson the property went into the hands of Mr. William Burns, the promoter of a company, but the enterprise was not realized, and the property was again bought at auction by Alderman Dawson. The public feeling at this time had not been educated to the requisite point, and the members of the local authority had not therefore mustered courage to purchase the estate. Not long after, however, the growing requirements of Harrogate forced the town's people to acquire these valuable springs. Accordingly the estate was purchased by the town from Mr. Dawson at the increased figure of £29,500. Considerable as the price appeared to be, there was but one opinion as to the necessity of securing the property. A new and handsome suite of baths was resolved upon.

Messrs Frank Baggallay and F. E. Bristowe, of Conduit Street, Regent Street, London, were given the commission in consequence of having been awarded the first place in a competition (in which twenty–six architects took part) by the assessor, Mr. George Corson, architect, of Leeds. The appearance of the building will be very imposing ; while the details of the work is purely English in character, the general grouping produces a magnificence almost Oriental. The principal front shown in our full page plate faces Crescent Road and will form an imposing pile when viewed from the Square, Ripon Road, and Walker Road. The other front faces Parliament Street. The Winter garden is on the south side, the entrance to it from Parliament Street is seen in the distance, and its long glass roof shows over the nearer parts of the building, as does also the lantern surmounting the new Pump Room which is further still from the spectator, and will project into the gardens. The main entrance (in Cheltenham Square) will be approached by a drive which will pass through the carriage porch where visitors may alight under cover. From the carriage porch the main central hall will be entered through a handsome vestibule : this hall will be 66 feet long by 5o feet wide over all and 5o feet to the eye of the dome by which it will be surmounted. Grouped round this hall will be the waiting rooms (for ladies and gentlemen), each 25 feet by 16, the cooling room 27 feet by 20, the reading and refreshment rooms, each 23 feet by 20, and a manager's room and ticket office. The front portion of the building will contain on the principal floor, sixty dressing rooms and thirty bath rooms of various descriptions besides attendants' rooms. The bath rooms will be fitted with baths and apparatus for the massage, douche, and bouillon as given at Aix, for complete and partial vapour baths, local douches, special douches, and other ordinary and special baths. 

The dressing rooms communicate in all cases directly with the bath rooms, and will be approached by spacious corridors communicating with the central hall on the right and left of the main entrance, that on the left being for ladies and the other for gentlemen. In other parts of the building and on the same level are a spacious Turkish bath, and rooms for inhalation, pulverization, and massage. The basement will be occupied by the boilers, a steam laundry, machinery for bottling the waters, kitchens, &c. Facing Montpellier Road will be a handsome smoking room, which may be entered either from the gentlemen's corridor or from another main passage which will form a direct communication between the central hall and the special bath chair entrance which will be approached by an easy incline instead of steps. The two lofty towers seen in the view will be about 73ft. high above the level of Cheltenham Square to the top of the parapets, and contain the high level tanks for the douches. The four shops in Parliament Street are to be taken down to make room for the handsome entrance to the Winter garden and to throw open the view of the picturesque pump room and grounds. The Winter garden will be 183 feet long, 42 feet wide, and 40 feet high, exclusive of the raised part at the Parliament Street end, which will be of the same width and about 32 feet long. The south and west sides of the Winter garden are to be formed with ornamental stone piers and glass doors, the latter capable of being thrown open in Summer : in the centre will be a handsome fountain and places for trees and plants. Opposite the centre of the south side of the building, and connected with the Winter garden by a vestibule, will be the pump room, an irregular octagonal building, 35 feet across at its least diameter, and 48 at its greatest : it will have four entrances, north, south, east, and west, the first forming the connection with the other buildings and the other three with the gardens. The Pump room will be surmounted by a dome and lantern and wi11 be a striking building.

MONTPELLIER PUMP ROOM  -  The pretty gardens called the Montpellier are particularly rich and diverse in healing waters. The strong sulphur (discovered in 1822) closely approaches in value the old well in the Royal Pump Room, and its characteristics are almost identical. There are both strong and mild sulphurs, but the spring known as the Kissengen, stands next in importance to the strong sulphur, and has acquired a wide reputation. It partakes of the same nature as the Kissengen water of Germany, and achieves remarkable results in liver and other internal complaints.

MORTALITY  -  The death rate of Harrogate is exceedingly low and always has been. The minimum point, 11.7, it must be admitted, is remarkable, whilst the highest ever reached, 15.5, is not excessive. The average mortality for seven years, however, 13.7, bears excellent testimony to Harrogate's healthfulness. Epidemics have never been known. At times when small–pox raged in other parts of the country Harrogate remained free, saving a few imported cases which were readily stamped out. During the cholera scourge the town was even more fortunate, for not a single case occurred then or since, and typhus and typhoid fevers are equally unknown here. The cattle plague, strange to say, did not come within three miles of Harrogate. It is the clean bill of health that is aiding the advance of this town as a residential place and summer resort. When we consider the fatalities which have arisen from infectious diseases contracted on the Continent (and we have had around us many lamentable examples) the wonder is that English people from Her Majesty downwards are content to run grave risks for advantages immensely inferior to those afforded by such a healthful resort as Harrogate.

PUBLIC LIBRARY  -  The Free Libraries Act was adopted in 1887, and the first premises in Harrogate were opened in Vine Villa, Princes Street. The temporary building opposite the Police Station, is now the Library until such time as the authorities will be warranted in building a Town Hall. As there are more important and lucrative schemes yet unrealised, we do not imagine the Corporation will feel justified in embarking on what must prove a costly undertaking. Visitors are able to obtain books through their landladies and landlords. In the building is a Reading Room and Reference Department. The Library is open from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. ; Reading Room, 8 a.m. to 10p.m.

PILLAR AND WALL BOXES  -  Near Adelphi Hotel, Brunswick Terrace, Church Square Harlow Road, Royal Crescent, Lancaster Road, Parliament Street, Queen Street, Railway Station, Royal Parade, Westmoreland Street, York Place, Bilton, Grove Road Strawberry Dale Road, Starbeck, Hyde Park Terrace, East Park Road, Eton Terrace, West End Park, Beechwood Crescent Beech Grove, Ripon Road, near Swan Lane; Pannal Ash Road, Alexandra Park, Bachelor Gardens.

RESERVOIRS  -  Formerly large quantities of Medicinal Waters ran to waste in the Spring, Autumn, and Winter. To obviate this the late Mr. James Simpson built a group of tanks on the Town Hall Estate, holding 60,000 gallons, and a Reservoir of 140,000 gallon capacity at the West end of the Victoria Baths. As the town grew in popularity, however, further provision was made in constructing a Reservoir to contain 365,000 gallons. In order that the properties of the water should be retained unimpaired, the structure was divided into 12 compartments, and fitted with floating covers which have admirably preserved the valuable gases. The water for the Reservoir is conveyed by the syphon principle from the Bogs Field. The designs were drawn and carried out by Mr. E. Wareham Harry, formerly Borough Engineer, to whose skill the town is indebted for its excellent sewerage system.

SHOOTING  -  We know from past experience that many visitors take an interest in Shooting, and invariably make inquiries respecting sport in this district. We therefore explain that there is abundance of mixed shooting around Harrogate, and over extensive ground. The bulk is preserved and in private hands, yet there are many farms and moorland patches available to those who require a day or two's shooting. Guns are frequently let off at a reasonable fee by local sportsmen who have rights over certain lands. The country, however, may be of interest, therefore, we append brief particulars.

Lord Harewood's shooting to the South West of Harrogate, embraces extensive cover shooting from Pannal to Weeton, and Arthington, and across to Plompton. It is private and preserved. At Plompton, particularly, there are plenty of wild bred pheasants.

At Knaresbro' and about Scotton, as well as at Bilton Banks, the shooting is Captain Slingsby's.

Nidd, the estate of the Hon. H. E. Butler, there is mixed cover shooting, plenty of Woodcock in season, though a scarcity of grouse. We may remark parenthetically that grouse are most abundant South–West of Harrogate.

Ripley Park, Sir H. D. Ingilby, Bart., North–West of Harrogate, is preserved.

On Birstwith Estate, Captain Greenwood, there is good mixed shooting extending some distance over the valley. This also is preserved.

At Dacre Banks and Moors and Haverah Park the shooting is rented from Sir H. D. Ingilby, by Mr. Samson Fox, and there are plenty of pheasants and grouse, for the country is strictly preserved.

Killinghall Moor is fruitful of grouse, woodcocks, pheasants, partridges, snipe, &c. It is in the hands of Huddersfield gentlemen, and therefore private.

On the Irrigation Farm, snipe and other shooting over extensive ground is usually let.

Thackwray's Farm is well preserved, and adjoins the Irrigation Farm.

The Rev. T. Sheepshanks has wide shooting, laying South and North of Harrogate.

In the same direction, Mr. Jeffrey, Mr. Joseph Dearlove, and Mr. Strother, Killinghall and Ripley way, have well preserved grounds and plenty of game.

ST. JOHN'S WELL  -  This well, which was originally known as the " Old Spaw, is to be found at the south–east corner of the Stray, close to Wetherby Road. It is enclosed in a small stone structure and leased from the Corporation by a private individual, who serves the water to visitors. It is a strong chalybeate and bears an excellent record of curative service.

SITUATION OF HARROGATE  -  Harrogate is in the north of England. In detail it is in the Parliamentary division of Ripon, the diocese of Ripon, the Wapentake of Claro, the West Riding of the County of York, about 200 miles from London, and equal distance from Edinburgh. Situated midway between the Irish and North Seas, it occupies the highest table–land in England, and is twenty–one miles from York, fifteen from Leeds, eleven from Ripon, three from Knaresborough, and on the North Eastern line of railway passing north from Leeds via Thirsk. At one of the lowest points the situation of Harrogate is thus described

Latitude             53° 59' 27"     N.

Longitude           1° 31' 53"       West of Greenwich

Longitude in time 0° 6' 7.5"        West of Greenwich

Elevation above the mean level of the sea, 329 feet.

The elevation near the Queen Hotel is 420, at Harlow Hill 600, though the ascent is very gradual and hardly perceptible.

STARBECK BATHS - Like those of Harlow the waters of Starbeck are greatly appreciated for bathing purposes, and there are two establishments the Old Spa and the Prince of Wales, where the qualities of the waters may be adequately tested. They are mild sulphur, and contain alkaline carbonates.

STARBECK SPRINGS  -  Here there are two springs, a mild sulphur and a chalybeate. The distance, a mile from Harrogate, may be overcome readily by rail ; for a numerous service of trains exists. We refer to these springs under "Baths."

THE BOGS VALLEY GARDENS  -  In old times the valley leading from the Sulphur well to the Bogs field was always a sweet little rural picture, but in 1888 the Corporation acquired land on each side, asked for competitive designs, and laid the valley out in gardens with a scheme gathered from the most attractive features shown in the plans submitted. The grounds are not extensive, but they are exceedingly beautiful, for all that taste and shill in landscape gardening could do has been expended upon them. The portion abutting on Cornwall Road was the last to be laid out, and has had a great influence on the extent and character of the grounds. The brook which formerly trickled through its tortuous course has been enlarged, miniature lakes have been made at intervals, grottos and rustic bridges erected, so that every portion of the valley presents some specially pleasing picture. The cost of the undertaking was £6,800. In the gardens are a number of the fowl species of interest to little folk. The old path front the Sulphur well into the Bogs field is still retained, and skirts the left bank of the valley gardens. A fine effect on the hill side has been secured by a solid bank of laurel. These grounds are one of the most popular promenades in Harrogate on weekdays and Sundays but particularly the latter. They are closed at sunset, but at other times free to visitors.

THE IRON SPRINGS OF THE SPA  -  These waters, which are served in the Pump Room at the Spa, were discovered in 1819 by Mr Oddy, and named the Cheltenham Springs because of their supposed similarity to the waters of Cheltenham. Dr. Sheridan Muspratt in 1865 found by analysis that the Chloride and Carbonate of iron waters of the Spa were perfectly unique amongst the manifold curative waters of the World. The discovery created a sensation in medical circles, for it was recognised as the strongest chalybeate known, containing no less than sixteen grains of protochloride of iron to the gallon.

THE OLD SULPHUR WELL  -  The dignified title of the most famous drinking well in Harrogate is the "Royal Pump Room" but old residents prefer to call it by the affectionate and more familiar name of "Old Sulphur Well."

To early residents the old prefix has a patriotic sound, and calls up reminiscences of Harrogate's early conquests ; for it has been and always will remain the pride of Harrogate. To younger people the "Old Sulphur Well " means an inheritage of wealth, for such it has proved, directly and indirectly, to many of Harrogate's sons. The octagonal structure which forms the pump room was erected in succession to an older building in 1842, from designs by the late Mr. I. T. Shutt. It is a handsome erection, and once admirably served its purpose ; but the wants of a growing town are demanding something more commodious, and this will doubtless be supplied in the future development of Harrogate's resources. A handsome octagonal counter in the centre of the pump room has temporarily relieved the strain inflicted by the old inconvenient arrangements, and the corporation have done their best to render the place attractive. The stained glass window illustrative of the troubling of the pool of Siloam was erected to the memory of the Slingsby who discovered the first spring in Harrogate, and to Sir Charles who was drowned at Newby.

In the basement of the building eight springs are situated, a strong sulphur – the original – and one mild, these two only being utilised for drinking purposes. The following waters are also served at the counter in this room: the magnesia, the Alexandra or iron, and a chalybeate water. There is a free tap on the outside of the well where the poor may obtain water free of charge. In old times certain old women had the privilege of serving at the outside pump, but this right lapsed with the demise of the last surviving successor of Old Betty Lupton. A former owner of the Crown Hotel sank a well close to the Pump Room and tapped the Old Sulphur Spring. A law suit resulted in the closing of the surreptitious venture, which is to–day covered by the sanded walk between the Sulphur Well and the Crown buildings. The fashionable time to drink the Old Sulphur is from seven to nine in the morning, a walk of fifteen or twenty minutes intervening between the two doses, which should be prescribed by a medical man. There are few skin affections or ailments which may not be benefitted by the sulphur waters, and without entering upon the chemical constituents of any of the group we may at once say that the old Sulphur of Harrogate is the strongest in the world, and the general range of medicinal waters has no parallel on the Continent or in any other part of the globe. The analyses tell their own tale.

THE MAGNESIA PUMP ROOM  -  The Magnesia water is served in this little building at the upper end of the Bogs Field where the peculiar liquid from the alum spring, situated in this field also, and the famous water from No. 36 well may likewise be obtained. The magnesia is a mild sulphur, agreeable to the palate, of curative value in many cases, and extremely popular. It is frequently used on warm days to quench thirst and without any inconvenience to the healthy consumer.

THE SALINE OR CRESCENT SPRING  -  Is in the cellar of the old Crescent Hotel, Low Harrogate, but the water is served at the counter of the Royal Pump Room. It is of the nature of the Leamington saline, Dinsdale, Croft, and Middleton Spas, but of greater strength than the latter three. In former tunes this water was frequently taken with gin but whether with advantage or not we cannot say from experience.

THE SPA CONCERT ROOMS  -  This property, which embraces the Concert Room and Pleasure Gardens, was originally in private hands, but acquired by a number of gentlemen interested in the progress of the town who formed a company. The object of this enterprise was not pecuniary gain, but the townspeople recognised that amusement was indispensable in the interests of the place, and as this was the only source from which it could he obtained at that time, they naturally felt alarmed at the prospect of its extinction. Accordingly the Company was floated and the establishment was worked for 15 years purely in the interests of the town, daring which time no dividend was paid. The fashion of roller skating, however, resulted in such profits to the Shareholders that the Directors declared a dividend to the full limit of their resources, without adequately providing for contingencies. The first dividend paid was 30 per cent. During the next few years, in which the skating mania retained its influence, smaller but still ample dividends were disbursed. The result of injudicious financiering, however, made itself manifest, and a considerable deficit necessitated a new course. As a sequel, the property was taken over by a Lessee, whose ample rental was required for the deficit of the Shareholders who were for some years left in the dividedness position of earlier times. The property is an excellent one, the Gardens extremely picturesque, and the Concert Hall a pleasing room. By the means of an admirable band and spirited management the place has been rendered attractive to visitors. In the grounds are valuable Iron Springs, whose curative properties cannot be equalled elsewhere. Under the various heads we have stated the attractions of the Spa Concert Rooms and Grounds, and even at the risk of repetition, may now say that instrumental morning, and instrumental and vocal evening; concerts of excellent calibre, are daily given in the season ; entertainments in the grounds, and, in fact, everything is done to meet the requirements of both invalid and pleasure seeking visitors.

THE STRAY  -  The fine stretch of Common the visitor sees, embraces over two hundred acres, and is known as the Stray. It was set apart by the Legislature in 1778, to remain a free and open Common for the benefit of the water drinkers. The adjoining property owners were granted the herbage, and this concession has caused some trouble to our governing authority, who have never been able to exercise any freedom of action regarding it. As a consequence, the Stray is not the ornament to the town it might become. The paths, however, are much improved, new seats are frequently added, and the trees anon– its borders are coaxed into growth by careful attention. To horsemen the Stray supplies an admirable run, and there is certainly good reason to value the possession of such an open space in the heart of the town.

THE TEWIT WELL  -  Still continues in high favour as a tonic. It is to be found on the Stray opposite the Prince of Wales Hotel, where the discarded but neat covering of the Old Sulphur Well has been made to do duty as its protector. It is a pure chalybeate water.

THE THEATRE  -  Formerly Harrogate was without a theatre. In the very early stages of its life there was a building specially set apart for this purpose, which was erected by Samuel Butler. Subsequently the Victoria Hall, in James Street, was occasionally used for the purpose, as was also the Spa Concert Room. In i88o the Promenade Room, which had remained idle for years, was taken by a syndicate of four gentlemen, who worked it without any object of pecuniary profit. One of the syndicate still continues. During the career of this theatre the first operatic, dramatic, vocal, and instrumental celebrities of the day have enlivened the Harrogate season. The establishment has been thoroughly and systematically worked in every respect in the broad interests of the local community and the visitors to Harrogate. No dividend has ever been paid, neither has it been sought. Harrogate stands high on the dramatic map, and visitors may therefore rest assured their wants in this respect will be properly cared for. The lessee of the present establishment is convinced of the necessity of a properly equipped opera house, and contemplates the building of a new one at no distant date.

TO AMERICANS  -  The average American, touring in Great Britain, does not, as a rule, allow the grass to grow under his feet, yet is often prevented from making the best use of his time because of meagre knowledge regarding locality. On arriving at Liverpool, the American tourist will frequently dash off to London direct, and leave the north till the return journey, when time and inclination may both have been exhausted in needlessly long journeys. After an ocean voyage a few days' rest on shore prepares one against the exhaustion and fatigue of sight–seeing. A healthy, cheerful centre, amidst an interesting district, therefore, becomes desirable, and Harrogate supplies the want more completely than any other resort, and for the following reasons :–

In the first place, Americans will understand what manner of town it is when we explain that Harrogate is the Saratoga of England. The season extends from May to November, and is in its zenith during the months of August and September. Many visitors resort hither the year round. To see English life in its most fashionable phases, however, one should visit Harrogate in the height of the season. The variety and value of the medicinal waters Here are not equalled in any part of the world, and these, together with the dryness of climate, freedom from smoke, fogs, and damp, have made Harrogate ever. more famous as a health resort than as a fashionable rendezvous of social life. The sulphur baths have a marvellous influence upon the skin, as is repeatedly demonstrated by the complexions of those who have undergone a course of treatment. The tourist may sleep at his hotel nightly for weeks, even months, and still be able to make daily excursions to fresh places of interest surrounding the town. Most of the principal sights we have described elsewhere, and our object in this chapter is to briefly direct the attention of Americans to the features likely to interest them most. There is hardly an acre in this district which will not present some special delight in the way of old world quaintness. The ivy–grown, low, thatched cots, the ingle nooks within, the longsettle, are everyday objects of utility to the English cottager, but in the American tourist they awaken a flood of romantic contemplation, congenial to dwellers in the newer and busier world. 

The first journey should be made to the finest ecclesiastical ruin in Great Britain : Fountains' Abbey, situated in the grounds of Studley Royal, owned by the Marquis of Ripon–one of England's foremost statesmen, formerly the Viceroy of India, who will also be remembered as the British representative in the Alabama international arbitration case. In these grounds the struggle between Robin Hood and the Curtal Friar is supposed to have taken place. Ripon, with its cathedral, is close at hand. Next to Fountains we recommend Bolton Abbey, then York Cathedral, the best ecclesiastical example in the kingdom. The city of York itself is one of the most ancient and interesting. The quaint old market town of Knaresborough need not be missed, for it is but three miles away, and may be seer any time in a few hours. Nidderdale, Brimham and Plumpton Rocks, Harewood House, Ripley Castle and grounds, Rievaulx and Byland Abbeys (which journey takes in the home of Stern, author of "Tristram Shandy "), and Fewston, Blubberhouses, and Brandreth Crags. 

The last three places have special interest for Americans. At Blubberhouses the eminent preacher, Rev. Robert Collyer, of New York, was reared, and worked as a boy in a silk mill, no longer existent. The estate in this locality formerly belonged to the family of Franklands. Sir Charles Henry Frankland was Collector of Customs in Boston, U.S., and fell in love with a humble maiden of Marblehead, named Agnes Surriage. He educated and brought her to England, but neglected to make her his wife until she had saved his life in an earthquake at Lisbon. The story is beautifully told in "Agnes" by Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes. At another hamlet down the valley here was born a wealthy New York merchant, a close and valued friend of Dr. Collyer. Wensleydale may be accomplished in a day by taking train to Tanfield, and driving to Hackfall, Masham, Jervaulx Abbey, Middleham Castle, and Leyburn. Further up are Bolton Castle and Aysgarth Falls, both included in the journey. Richmond (Yorks.), Easby Abbey, and district, too, are of more than average interest. 

For villages of interesting antiquity, pleasing to Americans, drive to Burn Bridge and Pannal, about two miles from Harrogate; Kirkby Overblow and Goldsbro'. Otley and Knaresbro' are noteworthy as old market towns, and Ilkley for its fine situation. By visiting Harrogate the American tourist moves little out of his course, for the town is almost on the direct line to London, and he may resume his journey by York or Leeds. In travelling to York via Knaresbro', the famous battlefield of Marston Moor, the scene of the great historical struggle between Cromwell and Prince Rupert, is passed on the right, about eight miles from York, between Hammerton and Sessay stations.

VICTORIA BATHS  -  This handsome building, situated in Cheltenham Square, was erected under the rule of the Harrogate Improvement Commissioners and Local Board of Health, at a cost of £30,000; the corner stone being laid February 18th, 1871, by Mr. Richard Ellis, chairman of the Board.

The old Victoria Baths were erected in 1832, and though restored still exist in the Town Hall Gardens. In the new Victoria Baths a central corridor of 200 feet and 8 feet wide runs the entire length of the building, from which open off, on both hands, a succession of nicely fitted baths with adjoining dressing rooms. In many cases each bath communicates with a dressing room on either side, an arrangement necessitated by the hundreds of baths daily required in the season. The part of the building to the right of the ticket office is the ladies' section, that to the left the gentlemen's.

There are forty reclining baths in the establishment and all the specialties including the latest British and Continental ideas. The needle, shower, douche, and the Aix douche, and massage treatment may be found here in perfection, administered with either plain, sulphur, or mild alkaline waters. Three sources provide a bountiful supply, the Bogs Field, the Royal Pump Room, and the Town Hall estate; the storage reservoirs near the Hydro, at the end of the Victoria Baths, and on the Town Hall estate, all aiding a continuous unfailing supply even at the busiest season of the year. 

At the end of the gentlemen's corridor is a spacious room formerly used as a swimming bath. It has been converted into a special room for the Aix douche and many other modern bathing systems. There is here a combination of baths perfectly unique, which has been invented and adapted by Mr. William Burkinshaw, the mechanic employed by the Corporation at these baths. The inventor has had much experience in the system of conservation adopted, and also in the application of the waters by means of the various baths. The new combination consists of a needle bath of unusually large size, the jet pipes being vertical instead of horizontal. The advantage of the vertical system appears to consist of a closer disposition of the needle currents so that every part of the body is operated upon. The floor of the bath not only revolves but by hydraulic pressure rises and falls and is thus adjustable to the height of the patient. The invalid may be wheeled into the bath and is not under the necessity of moving. This bath combines the ascending and descending douches, the wave douche, and the shower, all of which by simple mechanical contrivances are readily directed and controlled by the operator. There is also an ingenious mixing box in which the hot and cold water unite and are under perfect command, whilst an electric bell rings should the temperature of the water rise to an excessive heat. This room, it may be stated, contains far too many contrivances to be specified here, but we must not omit reference to the vapour bath, which renders it 'possible to conveniently treat any portion of the body without inconvenience. The ladies' department is also complete and in capable hands. The upper portion of the building is occupied by the Council Chamber, and the various Municipal offices. 

The front of the baths is nicely ornamented with a verandah and balustrades. Under the former are comfortable promenades, and in the coldest and wettest of weather exercise may be enjoyed. The situation of the building is a most sheltered one and with due south aspect the sun's rays are perhaps more acute here than in any other situation in Harrogate. The main doorway is surmounted by a large open porch, which will admit a carriage, so that the invalid may always be protected from inclement weather.